International Journal of Environment and Resource

Washing Clean-up of Cu(II)-phenanthrene Co-contaminated Soil by Surfactants

2016-0

Washing Clean-up of Cu(II)-phenanthrene Co-contaminated Soil by Surfactants

Pages 1-6
Author B. ZhaoY. W
Abstract In this paper, the feasibility of mixed anionic-nonionic surfactants to remove copper (II) (Cu)-phenanthrene (Phen) co-contaminants from soil was investigated using batch washing method. The comparison on the removal of contaminants using single and mixed surfactants was conducted. The capability of a nonionic surfactant, octyl phenol polyethylene ether (TX100), to wash Phen out from soil was much larger than that to Cu while an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), was more capable to remove Cu efficiently. The mixed SDBS-TX100 exhibited significant capability to sweep the co-contaminants out from soil. The overall removal efficiencies of co-contaminants by mixed surfactant were larger than those by single surfactants. The results indicated that mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant could be applied in the remediation of soils contaminated with both organics and heavy metals.

2016-0

Land Cover Change in Saipan, CNMI from 1978 to 2009

Pages 7-14
Author Yuming WenDerek Chamber
Abstract This paper focuses on the derivation of land cover information from satellite images, and the determination of land cover change in Saipan, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), USA. Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of October 17, and December 10 of 1978, and two scenes of Aster L1B imagery of March 5, 2009 are employed. This paper concentrates on moderate spatial resolution data for land cover classification and land cover change detection. Higher spatial resolution data including QuickBird, GeoEye, IKONOS data, and historical aerial photos can be employed as reference data. Geospatial technologies such as GIS, spatial analysis and remote sensing are applied to achieve the findings discussed in this paper. Based on the results, Saipan was mostly covered by forest and grassland in both years of 1978 and 2009. Developed areas increased more than 10% from 1978 to 2009, and most of the changes came from forest and grassland. The results may be applied to evaluate impacts of land cover change on water quality, ecosystems and watershed management in Saipan.

2016-0

The Influence of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen on Soil N2O Emission

Pages 15-20
Author Wenting NieXiaoying PanHao CuiMin Jian
Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the major greenhouse gases and has a 296-fold higher greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide (CO2), the emission of N2O from agricultural soil has become one of the most concerns to global scientific researchers. The concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is about 1% of the CO2 concentration, but as a result of the warming trend of N2O, is higher (306 times) than CO2 which produces a series of photochemical reactions in the atmosphere that would lead to the destruction of the ozone layer. Infuential factors like soil temperature, humidity, carbon and nitrogen input, soil properties (soil texture, pH and C/N ratio) and cultivation affect the emission of N2O by influencing the environmental elements of microbial growth and activity and the diffusion process of N2O gas. It is very important to research on different soil use types N2O emission, mechanism , impact facter and reducing measure.